Raman Raghav 2.0 is an Bollywood (Hindi) 2016 movie. This is a Indian thriller, starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Vicky Kaushal are lead roles in the film. The film is directed by Anurag Kashyap and Produced by Anurag Kashyap, Vikas Bahl, Vikramaditya Motwane, Madhu Mantena release on 24 June 2016.

Vikramaditya II (reigned 733 – 744 CE) was the son of King Vijayaditya and ascended the Badami Chalukya throne following the death of his father. This information comes from the Lakshmeshwar inscriptions in Kannada dated 13 January 735 A.D.^[1] From inscriptions it has come to be known that even before his coronation, Vikramaditya II, as a crown prince (Yuvaraja), had conducted successful military campaigns against their arch enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram. His most important achievements were the capture of Kanchipuram on three occasions, the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II. This is attested to by another Kannada inscription, known as the Virupaksha Temple inscription which alludes to the emperor as the conqueror of Kanchi on three occasions and reads Sri Vikramaditya-bhatarar-mume-Kanchiyan-mume parajisidor.^[1] The other notable achievement was the consecration of the famous Virupaksha Temple (Lokeshwara temple) and Mallikarjuna Temple (Trilokeshwara temple) by his queens Lokadevi and Trilokadevi at Pattadakal.^[2] These two monuments are the centre piece of the UNESCOWorld Heritage Monuments at Pattadakal.

Wars against Pallavas[edit]

Unlike King Vijayaditya, who had ruled till a very old age in a long and peaceful reign of four decades, Vikramaditya II's inscriptions seem to convey an impatience for war. From those inscriptions, historians feel that he nursed a grudge against the Pallavas, who a century ago, under the leadership of Narasimhavarman I, had defeated the Chalukyas and occupied their regal capital Badami, thus bringing to an end the glorious reign of Pulakeshin II and causing humiliation to the Chalukya royal family. From these inscriptions, it is known that nothing short of complete annihilation of the Pallavas (prakrity-amitra) could redeem the lost dignity of the Chalukyas. Vikarmaditya II, armed with this vengeful enthusiasm (mahotsaha), invaded the Pallava country.^[3]

Immediately after coming to power, Vikramaditya II saw an opportunity in the ensuing civil war in Kanchipuram and espoused the cause of Chitramaya, against that of Nandivarman II.^[2] Vikramaditya II fought many battles with the Pallavas, won three important victories, and occupied Kanchipuram on those occasions. Around 730, as the Chalukya crown prince, assisted by the Western Ganga Dynasty prince Ereyappa, he attacked the Pallava Paramesvaravarman II. The Pallava king had to sue for peace at a great financial loss to his kingdom. The Pallava subsequently tried to mount a counter-attack at the Ganga ally King Sripurusha (731), but was killed in the battle of Vilande. Sripurusha seized the kings insignia, the royal umbrella and earned the title Permanadi.^[4] Though this victory to the Chalukyas happened during the rule of King Vijayaditya, the records of Chalukya monarchs give full credit to Vikramaditya II.^[1]

Vikramaditya again invaded the Pallava kingdom after 734, aided by the faithful ally, the Western Ganga King Sripurusha, who joined the Chalukyas in this expedition. The earliest mention of this invasion is in the Narwan plates issued on 21 December 741 or 742. The Pallava King Nandivarman was a 13-year-old boy who nevertheless made a valiant but futile attempt to face the invasion. The Pallava king fled Kanchipuram into exile, leaving behind all his regal attributes which included among other things, a prestigious musical drum (katumukha), a musical instrument (samudraghosa) and a mace. Many of his war elephants, a large quantity of precious stones and gold fell into the hands of the victorious Chalukya monarch.^[5]

The road to Kanchipuram lay open and Vikramaditya II entered the city victorious. He ensured that the residents of the city were not harmed nor were the beautiful monuments destroyed (from inscription - Kanchim avinasya pravisya). The bounties of war were also returned.^[5][6] Unlike many conquering kings, Vikramaditya behaved in a very honorable way and showed consideration towards both the inhabitants and the city. Many donations were made to local Brahmins and gifts given to the weak and the forlorn citizens. Vikramaditya II had in his moment of revenge transformed himself from an overbearing conqueror to a humble devotee of the deities in the temples of Kanchipuram. The act of returning large amounts of booty to the temples earned him religious merit. All that was then inscribed on a Kannada language inscription on the back of a pillar in the mantapa (hall) of the Kailasanatha temple.^[2][6][7] His benevolent acts at other temples have also been recorded in his copper plate inscriptions. Vikramaditya thus wiped out the disgrace that had fallen on the Chalukya empire by the occupation of Vatapi a century earlier by the Pallava Narasimhavarman I. Having satiated his quest for revenge, Vikramaditya II returned to Badami. The Chalukyan empire then reached its proportions during the rule of Pulakeshin II.

He overran the kingdoms of Chera, Chola and Pandyas and defeated a Kalabhra ruler as well. Those victories were written in his inscription on the shores of the Indian Ocean.^[7] The final invasion of Kanchipuram happened in the final years of the reign of Vikramaditya II, under the leadership of his son Kirtivarman II.^[8]

Conflict with Arabs[edit]

In the early years of Vikramaditya's reign, Arab invaders who had established themselves in the Sindh made a push into the Deccan. Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin, a son of Vikramaditya I's brother Jayasimhavarman who was the governor of the Lata branch (Gujarat) fought and defeat them in 739 CE.^[9][10] Vikramaditya II so appreciated his valour, he conferred the title of Avanijanasraya (refuge of the people of the earth) on Pulakeshin. The Rashtrakuta King Dandivarma or Dantidurga also fought along the Chalukyas against the Arabs.^[2]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ ^abcRamesh (1984), p.156
2. ^ ^abcdKamath (2001), p.63
3. ^Ramesh (1984), p.157
4. ^Sastri (1955), p.139
5. ^ ^abRamesh (1984), p.158
6. ^ ^abSastri (1955), p.140
7. ^ ^abRamesh (1984), p.159
8. ^Ramesh (1984), p.160
9. ^Majumdar R.C. (1952), p.279
10. ^History of India by N. Jayapalan: p.152

References[edit]

• Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
• Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002).
• K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi OCLC13869730OL3007052MLCCN84-900575ASINB0006EHSP0
• Majumdar, R.C. (2003) [1952]. Ancient India. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN81-208-0436-8.
• South Indian Inscriptions - http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/

Bhatti Vikramarka (Telugu: భట్టి విక్రమార్క) is a 1960 Telugu swashbucklingadventurefantasy film, produced by P. V. V. Satyanarayana Murthy under the P.V.V.S.M. Productions banner and directed by Jampana. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Anjali Devi, and Kanta Rao in the lead roles and music composed by Pendyala Nageswara Rao. It is a commercial hit film that ran for 100 days. The film was dubbed into Tamil as Patti Vikramathithan.

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Plot[edit]

The story is based on the historical characters of Bhatti and Vikramarka. Emperor Vikramarka (N. T. Rama Rao) with the help of brother Bhatti (Kanta Rao) are ruling Ujjain. He prays to Goddess Kali (Kanchana) and gets her appreciation. The Goddess blesses him that nobody can defeat him and gives him a diamond-studded sword. Indra (Mikkilineni) invites him to heaven and asks him a question; who is a better dancer, between Rambha and Urvashi. Vikramarka gives two garlands to them to wear and dance. The garland worn by Urvasi stays fresh, whereas that one worn by Rambha withers. He judges Urvasi as the best dancer, as she is fearless about her performance. Being satisfied with his answer, Indra presents him a throne carried by 32 Salabajhanjika and a powerful diamond chain. Indra also says that he will rule on this throne for 1000 years. Bhatti also prays to Mahakali and to satisfy her wish beheads Vikramarka. Kalika gives rebirth to Vikramarka and gives Bhatti 2000 years of life when Bhatti gets an idea and asks Vikramarka to sit on the throne for 6 months, so that both of them can live for 2000 years. In a forest, Mantra Siddha (S. V. Ranga Rao) a wizard, harasses people with his tricks and he wants to defeat Vikramarka by any means.

Once Vikramarka is touring the state with friend Tirakaasu (Relangi) when he gets the acquaintance with Prabavathi (Anjali Devi) the daughter of King Chandrasena. Knowing this, Mantra Siddha tries to kidnap Prabavathi but fails. Hence he orders his disciple Prachanda (Nagabhushanam) to attack Vikramarka and prevent him from attending Prabavati's Swayamvaram. Prachanda requests Vikramarka to help him in his endeavor to get Bhethala's power, but Vikramarka himself answers to the questions of Bhethala and kills Prachanda. Meanwhile, Mantra Siddha in Vikramarka's attire goes to Swayamvaram. At the time Prabhavathi is garlanding Mantra Siddha, Vikramarka enters into the court and defeats him. Frustrated, Mantra Siddha wants to take revenge, he steals Vikramarka's diamond chain and while Prabhavathi is going to her husband he captures her. In that fight, Prabavathi's father dies and escapes and reaches a tribal village where one person tries to molest her, but the leader saves her and dies. The rest of tribes want to offer her to the goddess. At that time, Mantra Siddha arrives in a sage form and takes her to his cave. Vikramarka with Bhatti starts searching for Prabhavathi, who is struggling to protect her chastity from Mantra Siddha. After some time, Tirakaasu reaches the cave. He plans along with Prabhavathi and learns about Mantra Siddha's life secret. Prabhavathi escapes and wants to reveal the secret to Vikramarka. But Mantra Siddha makes her dumb and old. Vikramarka does not recognize her and throws her out. Prabavathi in sorrow tries to commit suicide. Mantra Siddha grabs her, takes her back to cave and makes her normal. Tiraakasu reaches Vikramarka and reveals that the old woman is Prabhavathi then Vikramarka feels sorry for his behavior. Immediately he reaches the cave along with Bhatti and Tirakaasu when Mantra Siddha is trying to molest Prabhavathi. The war interfaces between Vikramarka and Mantra Siddha. Meanwhile, Prabhavathi reaches the secret place, after taking many risks, she achieves the life of Mantra Siddha. Vikramarka stamps out Mantra Siddha. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the reunion of Vikramarka and Prabhavathi.

Cast[edit]

• N. T. Rama Rao as Vikramarka Maharaju
• Anjali Devi as Prabhavathi Devi
• Kanta Rao as Bhatti
• S. V. Ranga Rao as Mantra Siddha
• Relangi as Tirakasu
• Nagabhushanam as Prachandudu
• Mikkilineni as Indra
• Balakrishna as Konangi
• Kanchana as Goddess Kali
• Girija as Arakasu
• Sandhya
• Seeta as Champa
• T. D. Kusalakumari as Dancer

Soundtrack[edit]

Music composed by Pendyala Nageshwara Rao. Lyrics were written by Anishetty. Music released on Audio Company.

Features[edit]

There was fire Accident on the sets of Narasu Studios, Guindy, Madras on 13 March 1959. The Bhatti Vikramarka shooting required a fire, and a fire was made by using petrol and straw. Mukkamala and Anjali Devi were on the sets. The bamboo setting was ablaze and the flames rose high fast. The fire spread to the adjacent sets too and caused a huge damage of a lakh and half rupees. It took them for more than 90 minutes for the fire brigades to bring the fire under control. This was the worst fire disaster in the history of Telugu cinema.^[1]

Sequel[edit]

Another Vikram aur betal themed movie Vikramarka Vijayam was made in 1971, starring S. V. Ranga Rao, Anjali_Devi.

References[edit]

1. ^Films And Flames, at Cinegoer.comArchived 28 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine

External links[edit]

• Bhatti Vikramarka on IMDb